Save yourself $100

It can be a little daunting to think about all your major savings goals at one time. There's the massive retirement fund that you want to build, which never seems to get big enough. There's the emergency account that should be filled with at least enough money to cover three to six months' worth of expenses. There might even be one or more college funds, assuming college doesn't cost an actual arm and a leg by the time the little tykes grow up. Add these all up, and we're talking about hundreds of thousands of dollars. Yikes!

Obviously, you can't save all that money tomorrow, so let's start small. Think in more humble terms, especially if you're not saving at all or you can't figure out why you're not saving more. Ask yourself how you could put aside just an extra $100 per month.

Saving an additional $100 a month means (obviously) you'll have saved an extra $1,200 in a year. If you had put an extra $1,200 in your child's college fund this year, it would be worth $2,263 by the time she heads to college. That assumes a pretty conservative 5% growth rate.

Let's say you saved that money for retirement and invested your $1,200 in a fund that tracked the performance of the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, which represents about 70% of all U.S. publicly traded companies. Buying an index fund gets you shares of some of the biggest companies in the country.

The long-term average growth of the market has averaged about 10%. If the market kept up that performance, the $1,200 saved by a 35-year-old today would be grow to $20,939 by the time that person retired at age 65.

So, there's plenty of incentive to figure out how to save that extra $100 every month. To get you started, here's a list of savings ideas that don't require any major lifestyle changes. You may have to do a little research, but you won't have to sacrifice your morning jolt of caffeine. Combine a few and you might hit $100 in savings without doing much at all.

• Contribute an extra 1% of your salary to your 401(k) or other workplace retirement plan. Because the money is withdrawn before taxes, you'll lose less than 1% from your take-home pay. You'll probably never even notice the money's gone, but your retirement fund will start to fatten up faster.

• Review your telephone, mobile phone, Internet, and cable service. If your mailbox is anything like mine, it's full of special offers and bundled packages. See if you can get a better deal than the one you have now. If you see a better rate advertised, try calling your current providers and asking them whether they'll meet the competitor's rate. While you're reviewing all this, cancel any flashy services or premium channels that you don't use.

• Call your credit card company and ask them to lower your interest rate. This could mean serious savings for anyone struggling to pay off a balance. (Your extra $100 should go straight to the credit card instead of going into savings, by the way.) If your credit company is hesitant to lower your rate, arm yourself with offers from competitors. You've probably gotten a bunch recently. If they won't budge, look for balance transfer options with lower rates. Before making any move, examine transfer fees and look at the interest rate that will be in place after any teaser rate expires.

• Reexamine your car insurance. Your policy probably renews automatically. If you haven't looked at it since you first signed up, see if you still need all the coverage you have. Consider raising the deductible. You can take that extra money and stash it in an emergency fund so paying the deductible won't be a problem.

• Stop heating the whole neighborhood. A little weather stripping and a programmable thermostat can go a long way to cutting the utility bills. They're cheap and easy to install, and they also save energy. Turn down the heat on your water heater if you have it set to "scald." Fix anything that's leaking. By the same token, shut down your computer at night and turn off the lights when you leave the room. (Yes, I know I sound like your nagging mother, but there's a reason she nagged you about this.)

• Cancel any gym membership or subscription you aren't using.

• Eat out of your pantry for a while. If you dig back there, you will find long-lost bags of pasta, cans of soup or beans, piles of rice. I, personally, have enough dry goods in my kitchen to feed the entire neighborhood for about a year. There's probably enough in your pantry to cut your grocery bill down significantly for a while. And, if you've been buying bottled water, consider switching to a filtered pitcher.

Hopefully, that will get you started thinking creatively about ways to fill your savings accounts without making radical changes. Then make sure to put that $100 in spare change toward your big savings goals.

Stimulus Payments to Go Out Ahead of Schedule

The federal government, eager to boost the flagging economy, will start distributing special stimulus payments Monday—four days earlier than expected.

"Beginning Monday, the effects of the stimulus will begin to reach households," President Bush said Friday. "This money is going to help Americans offset the high prices we're seeing at the gas pump and at the grocery store."

The department announced the early arrival of the payments Thursday after saying last month that it would begin sending out the money on May 2.

As of next week, 800,000 tax filers daily will begin to have their checks directly deposited Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. No checks will be distributed Thursday, and 5 million payments will be made Friday.

The payments will go out ahead of schedule because of a new computer program that updates records daily—faster than an older program that updates weekly, according to Andrew DeSouza, a Treasury spokesman.

Overall, the Treasury will distribute more than $110 billion to 130 million taxpayers by July and hopes to get the first $50 billion out by the end of May, DeSouza said.

The checks are the centerpiece of an economic stimulus program signed into law by President Bush in February. The aim is to boost consumer spending and help mitigate problems caused by the slowing economy.

Checks are being distributed to people who file 2007 tax returns. Those who opt for direct deposit with the Internal Revenue Service will start getting payments before those who use the mail.

The program calls for rebates of up to $600 for single filers making less than $75,000. Couples making less than $150,000 would receive rebates of up to $1,200. In addition, parents would receive $300 rebates per child. Filers who do not owe income taxes but have at least $3,000 in income would get a $300 payment.

Payments to taxpayers slated to get paper checks will start to go out May 9—one week earlier than originally planned.

The order in which tax filers will receive their payments will be based on the last two digits of their Social Security numbers.

Under the government's economic stimulus plan, 130 million people will receive tax rebate checks for $300 and up, starting Monday. What do you plan to do with your check? How do you think the stimulus plan will affect the economy?

There is fear that many, many Americans will pay down personal debt (which will not act as an immediate stimulus to the economy). And that's what we're doing. We still have over $45,000 in Home Equity Line of Credit debt hanging out there. My wife and I are starting a business and have been using excess cash to fund that. Therefore, we haven't had as much cash to pay down the debt. When our $1,800 arrives, I'm paying down debt.

Which presidential candidate is best for your wallet?

Regardless of how much money you make, you have skin in this game.

The four leading presidential candidates say they're concerned about the taxes that Americans pay out of their paychecks. And they all vow to do something about it if elected.

Now with the economy at the forefront of the presidential campaign, the leading candidates' tax proposals will come under increasing scrutiny in the coming weeks.

Here's a look at some of the ways that Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, John McCain and Mitt Romney would realign tax policies and how those changes could affect your take-home pay.

Keeping the tax cuts in place

One of the central questions is what to do about a series of tax cuts passed in 2001 and 2003 set to expire in three years.

The four candidates seem to agree on one thing: They want to preserve the cuts for low- and middle-income earners. Those tax cuts include lower rates, reduced taxes paid by married couples and a higher standard deduction.

But the Democratic and Republican candidates part company when it comes to upper-income earners.

Both McCain and Romney have said they would preserve the tax cuts for high-income earners - typically defined as households that make $250,000 or more. Clinton and Obama want to repeal them for taxpayers in that group.

Clinton also would reduce the value of some personal exemptions and itemized deductions for big earners.

Part of the rationale given for restoring higher taxes on upper-income households is that they benefited the most from the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts, and that continuation of the tax cuts for those at the top of the heap may force the government to raise taxes on everyone else or cut spending.

Those who oppose taxing the rich more note that the top 1% - taxpayers making more than $250,000 - already account for 40% of all federal income tax revenue. Taxing them more, proponents of extending the tax cuts say, may lower tax receipts because high-income filers will seek more ways to shelter their money from taxes.

New tax breaks

The candidates also have somewhat different ideas about what kind of new income tax breaks to offer.

On the Republican side, Romney has said he wants to permanently lower the rate on the lowest tax bracket to 7.5% from 10%. Currently that tax bracket applies to roughly the first $8,000 for single filers and the first $16,000 for married couples filing jointly.

And he has proposed permanently exempting workers over 65 from having to pay payroll taxes, which are used to fund Social Security.

McCain hasn't yet offered up any individual income tax breaks beyond proposing to make the 2001 and 2003 breaks permanent.

On the Democratic side, Obama would offer a tax break to seniors by eliminating their income taxes if they make less than $50,000.

Obama also would create a credit worth up to $500 per working person ($1,000 per family) to offset Social Security tax on the first $8,100 of earnings. The credit would start to phase out for people with incomes between $150,000 and $200,000.

Both he and Clinton have said they want to expand the earned income tax credit for low-income workers. And they want to offer an expanded saver's tax credit although in somewhat different ways.

Clinton would offer a savers' credit equal to 100% on the first $1,000 saved by married couples making less than $60,000, and a 50% matching credit for couples making between $60,000 and $100,000.

Obama would match 50 percent of the first $1,000 of savings for families that earn under $75,000.

New retirement tax bites

The candidates' tax proposals aren't all sugar. There are notable differences, for instance, in how they might treat payroll taxes in a bid to shore up Social Security over the long haul.

Obama would consider increasing the amount of wages subject to the payroll tax. Currently, the first $102,000 of wage income is subject to the 12.4% tax, half of which is paid by workers and half by their employers.

Obama has indicated he might favor lifting that cap but only after imposing a "donut." A donut would protect from the payroll tax a certain portion of wages above the current cap - for instance, wages between $102,000 and $202,000. But any earnings above that ceiling would be taxed.

It's not clear yet whether a payroll tax increase would be in the offing under Clinton or McCain, because both candidates have been spare on details.

Clinton has said she doesn't want to eliminate the cap on the income subject to the Social Security tax. But that doesn't necessarily rule out an increase in that cap or a higher tax rate.

McCain, meanwhile, has said he would prefer Social Security funding to be shored up by reducing growth in benefits rather than by raising the payroll tax.

Romney doesn't want to raise payroll taxes, but instead favors the idea of letting workers have individual investment accounts and fund them with money from the surplus paid into the system.

Clinton and Obama oppose the notion of diverting payroll taxes - whether from the system's surplus or direct from your paycheck - to fund accounts.

Don't rearrange your budget yet

Of course, campaign promises are often easier to make than they are to keep. A lot can come between a newly elected president and his or her ideas about taxes.

Political reality, for one. Just look at President Bush and Congress. Their inability to come to agreement has stymied decisions.

Then there's deficit reality. The budget that Bush submitted Monday projects a deficit of more than $400 billion. That could tie the hands of the next president to make tax changes.

Or consider the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). Everyone in Washington says they want to do something about the outmoded tax scheme, which was originally aimed at the rich but is increasingly hitting the middle class. But no one has an appealing way to pay for fixing it. The price tag for reform or repeal ranges between $500 billion and $1 trillion over 10 years.

"No one has really staked out a credible claim at fiscal responsibility," said Len Burman, director of the Tax Policy Center. "They'd just devote deficits to different purposes."

Fight the assessors office!

Falling home values and rising property taxes in many parts of the country are generating the loudest complaints about property levies since the 1970s, forcing state and local officials to address the outcry even as the housing-market slump eats into many sources of their revenue.

Indiana residents held public protests this summer against a surge in property taxes and acted on their frustration by ousting the mayor of Indianapolis. Florida voters will decide next month whether to adopt massive property-tax cuts, in a debate that has pitted part-time residents against full-time Floridians.

In California, thousands of homeowners are having their assessments reduced under a decades-old state law, and lower tax revenue due to the weaker housing market is likely to force an emergency budget session.

In Indiana, a spike in real-estate tax bills for Marion County, which includes the state capital of Indianapolis, caused a backlash this summer. In some neighborhoods, property-tax bills as much as doubled. Residents staged a rally at which they dunked a giant tea bag in a canal -- a reference to the Boston Tea Party -- and a July 4 protest outside the governor's mansion.

"I was holding a microphone and saying, 'I'm right there with you,' " said Michael Rodman, Marion County treasurer, who joined protesters after seeing his property-tax bill jump 80%.

Property taxes in the county were increased by new assessments, the elimination of a business-inventory tax that shifted more of the tax burden to homeowners, and greater spending by local government and schools.

Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels stepped in, freezing tax bills for Marion and several other counties at 2006 levels pending a new round of assessments.

In October, the governor released a plan that would cap homeowners' property taxes at 1% of assessed value, shift the full cost of school and child-welfare operations to the state, and require voter approval of major building projects. But voters could face a rise in the state sales tax to 7% from 6% under the plan, which the state legislature has discussed in committee hearings this month.

Despite efforts to address voter outrage, Indianapolis Mayor Bart Peterson, considered a shoo-in before the revolt, was defeated in a Nov. 6 election by Greg Ballard, a little-known Republican challenger whose campaign, as of mid-April, had reported less than $10,000 in cash on hand.

In Florida, where the falling housing market has gouged the state's economy, residents are debating massive property-tax cuts that will be voted on Jan. 29. Implementing the proposed changes would require amending the state's constitution. The plan, which strongly favors longtime homeowners over new buyers and part-time residents, has sparked opposition.

In Washington state last month, legislators held a special session to reinstate a cap on property taxes that would limit the growth in property-tax revenue from the existing tax base to 1% annually. Earlier in November, the state Supreme Court threw out a 2001 referendum on the cap, saying voters weren't adequately informed about what they were choosing.

Across the U.S., concerns about property taxes have reached levels not seen since the passage of California's Proposition 13 in 1978. That landmark law capped property taxes at 1% of assessed value and said the base assessment on a home couldn't increase more than 2% a year until it is sold. A companion initiative, Proposition 8, allows homeowners to get assessments temporarily reduced during a weak housing market, until home prices recover.

This year, thousands of California homeowners -- primarily those who bought their homes in the past few years, at the market's peak -- are getting a tax break because of Proposition 8. Assessors in counties such as Ventura and Contra Costa decided to review thousands of properties sold since 2005 and reduced many of the tax bills mailed this fall.

California has been hit so hard by housing-related problems that Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger said Friday that he plans to declare a state of "fiscal emergency," in order to address a projected $10 billion to $14 billion budget shortfall during the next 18 months. Slower-than-expected growth in property-tax revenue is partly to blame for the expected gap.

In several states, there has been a push against sharp property-tax reductions. The most extreme plan was floated in Georgia, where House Speaker Glenn Richardson last month proposed eliminating all property taxes. But after touring the state to get feedback from residents, he has scaled back his plans and hopes to eliminate property taxes over time, starting with a few measures that he presented to the state House last week. He would offset the lost revenue by eliminating sales-tax exemptions on lottery tickets and groceries, and by adding taxes to consumer services.

In New Jersey this fall, residents received the largest property-tax rebate checks in state history, with 1.8 million homeowners getting an average $1,000 refund. But on Nov. 6, voters turned down an amendment that would dedicate a portion of last year's sales-tax increase to reducing property taxes further. Initially, the proposed measure was expected to pass easily, but critics called it a gimmick, at a time when New Jersey is facing a $3 billion budget deficit.

Falling real-estate prices and turmoil in the mortgage market are expected to reduce property values for U.S. homeowners by a total of $1.2 trillion next year, according to Global Insight Inc., a research-and-consulting firm in Lexington, Mass.

Unless tax rates are changed, California could lose $2.96 billion in property taxes over several years because of the housing bust, the firm predicted. New York could lose $686 million; Florida, $589 million.

Nationwide, falling real-estate prices mean local property-tax growth probably will slow significantly, and taxes could even fall in many places, Global Insight said in a report released last month by the U.S. Conference of Mayors.

In some markets where real-estate values had been rising sharply for years, property taxes are still climbing. That is because it can take a long time for assessments, which commonly are based on a property's estimated market value, to catch up with the realities of the real-estate market.

The lag time has led to an outcry to cut property taxes reminiscent of the 1970s, says Gerald Prante, an economist with the Tax Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan research group in Washington.

"In many cases, incomes were growing faster than property-tax bills in the 1990s," Mr. Prante says. "Recently, property-tax bills have grown faster than incomes, on average."

State and local property-tax collections increased 50% from 2000-06, according to Census Bureau data. During the same time period, the median household income rose 15%, before adjustment for inflation.

My Chinese stocks are up MAD!

Everyone knows that China is a rising world superpower, and an economic powerhouse. Never mind their massive polluting of the earth, the repression of their people, or any of that ancillary stuff. I own 5 Chinese stocks and they are flipping insane!

Guangshen Railway (GSH) -- up 13.72% today
iShares FTSE Xinhua 25 (FXI) -- up 9.27% today
China Unicom (CHU) -- up 8.07% today
China Telecom (CHA) -- up 7.24% today
Ctrip.com (CTRP) -- up 6.43% today

These held 5 of the 6 top spots today. I continue to be amazed at the heights these stocks are reaching. I haven't allocated a massive portion of our portfolio to them, but they are outpacing my other holdings. I am hesitant to plow new money into these stocks, but I am not selling either. I just get the feeling I'm holding on to something special - something like the Chinese Wal-Mart. We'll see!

Confession – I am dipping my toe in the 0% balance transfer game

Well, I’ve done it. Something I said I would never do. Something I said was a complete waste of time. I’ve argued that it wrecks your credit score, and diverts your precious attention from investing, all for a few measly thousand bucks a year.

I’ve borrowed $22,000 on a credit card. And it wasn’t even a 0% card! And I plan on borrowing more!

The situation is as such: A little over a year ago, my wife and I assessed our lives and what was happening within our marriage. I was working 60-70 hours a week, often not even seeing my young daughter at all during the day – I’d leave early in the morning, and arrive home with her already asleep. My wife was working a job that was stressing her out too. She once quipped to me that she felt “like a single mom.” That was a real eye-opener – sort of a mix between a slap across the face, and a reality check.

We made changes. I accepted a job for less money that’s one mile from our house, and my wife went part time, which eliminated the most stressful duties of her job. We took a big financial hit, but it has actually increased our quality of life.

It has not increased the quantity of our portfolio, though. My investing goals have not changed (20% rise in net worth every year for the next 15 years), but it did slow us down a bit.

Then, my wife was pregnant with our second child, and it was time to ditch my old car. Time for a minivan. Back in February 2007, we purchased a used 2006 Honda Odyssey. I used our Home Equity Line of Credit to make the purchase. After trade in, it cost us $16,000. After borrowing on the HELOC, the balance was back up to $45,000. This balance consisted of the minivan purchase, a few home repairs we had made, and the down payment on our lakehouse (I still plan on posting about our October 2005 lakehouse purchase, and where it fits into our retirement plans).

The HELOC’s interest rate is Prime minus .01, or 8.24% at this time. As I am able to deduct this interest on our taxes, the after tax interest rate is 5.93%. That means right now, I’m coughing up over $300 a month in interest.

Not that this matters to the discussion, but I am completely comfortable with the portion of the HELOC debt related to the lakehouse. Trust me, this was a good investment, and is a blast to boot. I am less comfortable with the minivan purchase, even though the van rocks and really is a great way to get the family around.

Couple all of this with my desire to continue investing (it’s been going so well this year, why stop now?), and the fact that we’re not going applying for any large loans any time soon (no more apartment building purchases, one is enough – therefore, less of a need for a top-notch credit score), and it was clear to me – I have to get this debt shielded from interest.

Bingo – throw it on a bunch of 0% credit cards. The typical credit card arbitrager (is that a word?) is taking the cash pulled from their credit cards and investing it in a high-yield savings account. The highest online rate I’ve seen is 6%. By eliminating this monthly interest charge, I am in effect earning about 6%. Better yet, I can use that savings to pay down on the principal.

To fully shield us from interest, I need to get the full $45,000 onto credit cards. My first transaction involved a card we already held – a Bank of America Visa card. It’s one my wife held but never used. They sent us a letter stating that the credit limit had been raised to $18,000, and that a balance transfer or a cash advance could be done at 0.99% APR until November 2007. This included a max fee of $90.

I called and tried to get them to waive the $90 fee. They could not do that for me, but they did extend the offer until March of 2008, while raising the interest rate one one-hundredth of a point to 1.00% APR. They also raised the credit limit to $22,000. It had just been raised to $18,000 – why not raise it to $22,000?!?!?!?

So this was not the perfect deal, but there were some things to like about it. First off, I did not have to do a balance transfer, i.e., I did not have to already have credit card debt. Since I bank at Bank of America, they were able to wire the money right into my checking account. Second, the 1% interest rate is going to cost me about $18/month in interest – it’s not zero, but it’s not too shabby. Third, the $90 fee was more than I wanted to pay, but I calculated that by shielding this $22,000 from the high interest rate I was paying, I will have saved approximately $1,000 by the time March rolls around.

And besides that, I don’t plan on stopping. I am going to apply for a Citi card next, as I believe they will also send me a check (or wire me). Hopefully I can get the remaining $23,000 onto 0% cards, and then just keep hacking away at the principal, while also investing in our Roth IRAs.

And if it ever does come time to pay the piper, I have my HELOC checkbook. I write a check to the credit card companies, and we’re out of credit card debt.

Even my wife, who is a cautious cat, eagerly endorsed the idea. The HELOC debt bothers her. It bothers me, but to a much lesser extent. I have our net worth steadily on the increase, and this debt is manageable, so I’m not freaking out about it. But she wants to increase the pace with which we get it paid off, while I want to continue to invest while still paying the debt down. Not an argument, per se. She trusts me, and we’re doing well. But it surprised me how quickly she saw the wisdom in this credit card arbitrage plan of mine.

I’ll keep everyone posted as to how it goes, but I’m excited to get out from under this debt, and this plan should accelerate that. I welcome any comments or advice you might have.

Investing success (or not) for 6/27/07

The Dow was up 90 points today, and my portfolio blew the doors off with a gain of $1,200.

I love when a gain in the Dow corresponds to a much larger-than-expected gain in my portfolio. It normally does not happen this way. I usually see a commensurable gain in my portfolio when compared to the rise in the Dow, but an oversized drop in my portfolio when compared with a modest drop in the Dow. I don't know why that is - it could have something to do with the small cap stocks I own, which introduce a higher volatility to my portfolio. I could also just be imagining this phenomenon.

Investing successes today:
First off, I had some big gainers today, and I'll highlight them below. But today was unusual in the sheer number of stocks that were up. I had 45 advancers today, next to 10 decliners. That makes for a good portfolio day! I had 18 stocks that were up at least 2% today. Some details:

Inventiv Health (VTIV) - up 7.1%.

Nuance Communications (NUAN) - up 5.7%

Dawson Geophysical (DWSN) - up 4.4%

OYO Geospace (OYOG) - up 4.2%

Volcom (VLCM) - up 4%


Investing failures today:
Peerless Systems (PRLS) - down 5.4%. Big whoop, I own $300 bucks of this - it's the runt of the litter.

A few other decliners, nothing of great significance. It was a great day!


Also, I will soon bring news of a financial transaction that I recently consummated - something I said I would never do! Stay tuned.

Use other people’s money - Recap of discussion

I was very glad to see a keen interest in my recent topic of discussion – “Buy a company with debt or with cash?” I hinted that there may be a personal finance lesson to be learned, and I will speak to that below.

The company-buying scenario proffered in my previous post is one that I lived through (of course I changed the names to protect the innocent). I joined a company several years ago that had been purchased by some venture capitalists, and by an individual for whom I had worked previously. I joined as the deal was being consummated, and dealt with a lot of buyer/seller issues. It was awkward at times, as I was clearly pro-buyer (that’s who hired me), but I still had to deal with the sellers at times. The motto “It’s just business” sometimes didn’t seem to fit. Things got nasty – I sometimes wonder why rich people squabble over very small sums of money. Perhaps that’s how they got where they are?

The interesting part of the whole transaction was where the money was coming from.

First off, the two previous owners were forced, through negotiation, to give the new company a 5-year, interest-only loan. This was a very successful business, so they could be reasonably assured that their money was safe. Plus, they were each pulling in a massive interest check each month. It provided more than enough spending money for their months in Florida. : ) Even more interesting was that the buyers made it an interest-only loan. I had previously worked for another company that had an interest-only loan on their building, and quite obviously, they weren’t building much equity in the place, besides a bit of appreciation. When it comes to a transaction like a mortgage on our house, we are told by every expert that an interest-only loan is just unhealthy (and I agree). I know they are used in San Francisco and other red-hot markets, because otherwise young people can’t buy a house. Nevertheless, I feel pain for people that use such loans. And yet, an interest-only loan was used to partially finance this purchase.

Secondly, and much more interestingly, the venture capitalists were handling the money of some extremely wealthy folks about town. These were the “blue bloods” of my hometown – people with net worth’s of $50-600 million. Big, big-time cash. This transaction was rather small for guys like this. This VC firm was put together and funded to buy small to medium-sized companies, with the intent of holding them for awhile. They felt this size of business was not normally targeted by private equity, and they wanted to profit from it. I agree with them – these folks are going to make a lot of money at this.

But then I thought to myself, “Why even bother borrowing here?” I mean, really, what’s the point? One guy in the group had a $600 million net worth. Their combined net worth easily exceeded $1 billion. Why are the VC’s over at the bank borrowing $10-20 million? Why are they negotiating tooth-and-nail with the former owners over a small, interest-only loan? Why don’t they just put up the cash, own it outright, and take in the profits? It’s streamlined, it’s simple, and you’re beholden to no one.

The answer was two-fold: Return on Invested Capital, and taxes. I will speak more extensively on ROIC, but these guys paid a helluva lot of attention to taxes. I don’t have as extensive an understanding of taxes as they and their tax accountants do (as a CPA, I worked in the audit department of my old CPA firm), but I can tell you that they structured this thing to be as tax-efficient as possible. My two scenarios were entirely based on pre-tax calculations, for discussion purposes.

The real reason you borrow in this case is to achieve the highest Return on Invested Capital you can. There is a way to annually make money, and own a business, using less of your capital. You go to the bank and you borrow. By borrowing, you are able to control an asset, and profit from it, using the least amount of up-front cash as possible. As the poor simpletons we are (sorry, it’s hard to match wits with $600 million!!!), we do the exact same thing when we buy a house. Most of us use a mortgage because that’s all we can afford to do. But as I’ve pointed out here, if you absolutely have to have a house, a mortgage could end up being the most profitable way to do it. It allows you to retain more of your cash now, which can be used to invest in stocks and/or rental real estate.

Plonkee nailed it right on the head – when you borrow (option 2), you get a year 1 Return on Invested Capital of 37.8%, before taxes. Option 1 yields a year 1 ROIC of 17%, and is less tax efficient. These ultra-wealthy folks look at this, and the choice is simple – borrow. Use other people’s money to achieve a superior return. For folks like this, emotions do not factor in – they run the numbers, they trust their advisors, and they gun for maximum return.

Full disclosure: company cash flow suffers a bit in option 2, as you’re making a large loan payment ON TIME each month. This business was a cash cow – we had a few struggles, but they were mostly timing issues - nothing we couldn’t handle.

There is another aspect of option 2 that I find very interesting. Each year, as you pay off the 7-year term loan, you own more and more of the company. In year one, you generate a before-tax profit of $3.78 million, but you also build $2.57 million in equity. If you combine those two numbers, you earn a first year return of 64%! I think you have to figure that in. You put in $10 million, and after one year, you now have $16.35 million. It wallops the return of option 1.

My apartment building is much the same way. I put approximately $60,000 down on a $300,000 building, and besides repairs and maintenance (which can admittedly be a bit costly every once in awhile), that’s the last bit of capital I will put in the building. The business itself makes the payments (rents from the tenants). So I put $60,000 in, and in 30 years I will own a building that will probably be worth $400,000. Not to mention the excess cash it generates each month and the big depreciation tax write-off.

When choosing option 2, where you’re investing $10,000,000 instead of $36,000,000, some people wondered if you could earn an equal or greater return with the rest of that unspent $26,000,000. I do not live the lives these people live, but I would have to guess yes. Personally, I would not be concerned with this. My approach would be to invest the right amount of money, in the right places, for the right returns, and at the right time.

That’s the lesson I take from this experience - invest the right amount of money, in the right places, for the right returns, and at the right time. One might argue that middle class folks cannot afford to make financial decisions in the same manner that rich people do. I argue that you cannot afford NOT to emulate them.

Right now I have a 5.5% 30-year mortgage. Due to some previous prepayments, I’m probably ten years along on the amortization schedule. We itemize on our taxes, so I am able to take the mortgage interest deduction, and we are in the 28% tax bracket. That means that any prepayments I make on my mortgage would generate an after-tax return of 3.96%. I CAN BEAT THAT! Let’s be clear - when I have that damn mortgage paid off, it will feel better than watching Paris Hilton return to jail – this will be an emotional day! However, if I run the numbers and keep my emotions out of it, I realize that my excess month-to-month cash can be put to work a lot harder than prepaying on my mortgage. So we stopped prepaying years ago.

Why are people averse to debt? Simply put, debt equals risk. And risk = increased blood pressure. It is better, or it feels better, to owe no one anything. I look forward to the day when all mortgages are paid off – I will probably be a wealthy guy by then, and with no monthly mortgage payment, I will have a myriad of life’s options in front of me. But I cannot be in a rush to pay off a mortgage that in effect produces a 3.96% return for me. There is a better way.

As we invest our cash in the smartest ways I can dream up, I am giving myself the very best chance to be sitting on a big brokerage account 10-15 years from now. And 20 years from now, when the mortgage is finally paid off? Who knows how much we’ll have by then?!?!?

Thanks to everyone that commented in the previous post. It’s great to have you all here as readers. Cheers!

Question for discussion - Buy a company with cash or with debt?

I would like to throw out two scenarios for discussion. Please offer your opinions, run the numbers if you like, and discuss your feelings on each scenario. This may seem a bit off-topic for a personal finance blog, but… … .. .. Hint hint – there may be a personal finance lesson to be learned here.

The discussion involves buying a company. It is not important what the company does, but I will provide you with some monetary details, and you tell me which scenario is preferable and why. If you feel there are details missing, please let me know. I can assure you the details will be overly simple and will not be as all-encompassing as if you were actually purchasing such a company. However, I believe I will provide enough to generate conversation.

I am very anxious to garner different opinions on the subject, and afterwards, I plan on posting another article with a wrap-up of the commentary and my opinion on the subject.

THE DETAILS:

• You are a wealthy individual. How you got to be wealthy is unimportant, but you are a very savvy investor.
• The company you wish to buy is for sale at $36,000,000. This is the price you’ll have to pay – no negotiations.
• The company currently earns, before taxes and interest, $6,000,000 per year. The company currently has no debt and incurs no interest expense. The company’s prospects will not change when you buy it. Earnings, unless mentioned below in the particular scenarios, will remain the same. Expenses, unless mentioned below, will remain equal. Revenues and earnings will remain flat.
• You intend to purchase and hold the company and do not have an exit strategy – you do not currently plan to “flip” the business.
• The future worth of the company is undetermined. It will not be lower than your purchase price.

Now, the two purchase scenarios:

Scenario #1:

• You pay $36,000,000 in cash for the business
• The business therefore carries no debt from the purchase, and no debt of any other kind, save for the regular accounts payable and such.
• For argument’s sake, you had the $36,000,000 in cash lying around and did not have to personally borrow to come up with the money. You may also assume that you were able to comfortably afford this, and that this is not even close to “putting all of your eggs in one basket.”
• You therefore own 100% of the business free and clear.
• It continues to earn $6,000,000/yr

Scenario #2:

• You pay $36,000,000 for the business.
• The purchase price comes from the following sources:
• You put in $10,000,000 of your own money. Assume that you did not have to personally borrow to come up with the $10 million.
• You borrow $8,000,000 from the former owner. It’s a five year interest-only loan at 9% per annum, payable monthly at $60,000/month. At the end of 5 years, you will either draw up a new note or pay the former owner off in part or in whole. This is currently undetermined. The owner no longer has any equity in the business – just a loan held against it. Business sales often result in the former owners retaining a small piece of the company, or, in this case, the former owners give a loan to the new company – this is often done to consummate such a transaction, as the buyer gains tacit assurance that the company is on solid footing.
• You borrow $18,000,000 from a bank. It’s a 7 year level term loan, with an interest rate of 9% per annum. Business purchases are often financed with such a loan. Many times the interest rate is tied to an interest rate benchmark like the 1-month LIBOR + 3 or 4%, but for simplicity’s sake, we’ll just have a 9% non-floating interest rate. Your monthly payment contains the same amount of principal payoff each month, and in this case, you pay interest on the remaining principal. Therefore, interest in the first years is greater. Use this term loan analyzer to assist your calculations. This would leave you with a monthly principal payment of $214,286 and a first year interest bill on this loan of approximately $1.5 million.
• You therefore incur interest during the first year of ownership of $2.22 million, which lowers your first year profit to $3,780,000.

Which is the better deal, and why?

Investing success (or not) for 6/4/07

The market showed amazing resiliency today. Shanghai had an 8% meltdown yesterday (well, today, but it feels like yesterday to us because we were all sleeping), and this has typically led to similar pullbacks across the world's bourses. But not today. USA! USA! USA!

But seriously, both the Dow and the S&P 500 posted new records (again). The weird thing is that the gains were miniscule, and yet my portfolio was up $504. I love days like that!

Investing successes today:
Dawson Geophysical (DWSN) - up 4.9%.

OYO Geospace (OYOG) - up 4.1%.

I had 12 other stocks that were up at least 1.5% today.

My Chinese stocks - besides Kongzhong, which bears mentioning below in the "failures" section, my Chinese holdings held up rather well. Typically on a day where Shanghai has a huge drop, my Chinese holdings take a bit of a beating. I was just surprised that that did not happen today.


Investing failures today:
Sadia (SDA) - down 2.7%. No big deal, I'm still up 89% on this stock.

Kongzhong (KONG) - down 2.4%. The stock with the coolest ticker symbol is a real pain in my arse. I have two lots - one is down 40%, the other is down 28%. This stock is barking.

Saving money for retirement - Part V

As previously stated, due to an uncertain future of tax rates, health insurance costs, college costs for kids, changing government regulations, and increased life expectancies, I believe it is near impossible to predict how much we'll actually need to save for retirement. Therefore, the amount you need is A WHOLE LOT! That's all you need to know - you need A LOT. And if you need a large pile of money for retirement, you need to start saving now. The sooner you make the pile of money "sorta big," the bigger it will be upon retirement.

Here is the fifth pitfall that I believe you need to avoid on your road to retirement:

5. Buying more house than you can afford

Purchasing anything that's more than you can afford is obviously a problem! But purchasing a house that's more than you can afford is a real retirement killer. That runs counter to the idea that your house can actually be a vehicle to drive towards retirement. I argue the opposite - that you should buy a house well within your means, or even below your means, while still meeting your day-to-day needs. Then, as previously espoused, pay your monthly payment each month, do not prepay on principal, and stash the remaining money in the market.

I also have an extensive post on this subject here.

Simply put, it is much more difficult to get your retirement money out of a house than it is a retirement fund. For one thing, to get your retirement money out of your house, you yourself might have to get out of your house! Unless you plan on using a reverse mortgage, you'll have to sell your house and downsize, and I don't think many people understand how that's going to make them feel in the future.

Even I am somewhat guilty of this. We bought a lakehouse back in 2005. A small little place, but still so much fun. With our primary residence and our lakehouse, we're still living below our means and are able to save for retirement each month. But, one of the justifications in my head for the purchase was, "I'm young, I should just do this now. If I get to retirement age and I don't have enough saved up, I'll sell the place." Yeah right, I love that house! I love drinking beer by the lakeside, I love canoeing, playing the bimini ring game I set up, playing ping pong, and on and on. It's a blast - I will post some pictures sometime. Needless to say, I'm going to make damn sure I have enough retirement assets such that I'll never have to sell the place.

I have previously advocated buying a house instead of renting, and I still believe that. But I do not recommend "stretching" when purchasing your house. Find the house that's right for you, that you can fall in love with. But don't overpay, and never live beyond your means.

Q's May 2007 Net Worth Report

We're almost halfway through the year - WOW, where is the year going? - and we've seen a very robust stock market. This rising tide has certainly lifted our boat. I've been at my job for a year now, and it pays less than my previous job (by choice, I get to spend alot more time with my family). And my wife is now 2 days a week, so she's earning 40% of what she used to. We therefore are not able to pump as much into savings, or pay down our Home Equity Line of Credit, as fast as we used to.

Still, our net worth continues to climb. We started off the year with $187,000, and with my goal of increasing our net worth by 20%, that left us with a year-end goal of $224,400. Here's where we are at the end of May:

Net worth, excluding primary residence, cars, and all other possessions: $212,700, up $5,548, or up almost 2.7% for the month. So far for the year, we've seen a $25,275 increase in our net worth, or almost a 13.5% increase. We're well over halfway to our goal with 7 months of the year remaining.

What worked this month:
1. Our investments. Most of my small caps are performing great, including BWLD and CTRP. I'm very excited to see where this portfolio is going to stand in a few years. I started investing in small caps one year ago this month, and I have doubled the return of the S&P 500. I don't think I can expect that kind of performance each and every year, but we've been very blessed with how well it's gone this year.

2. The apartment building. I believe I have the troublesome tenant situation under control. I deposited both his May and June rent checks last Saturday, and I have not had either of them bounce yet. He assured me the money would be in his account, and it appears he was a man of his word. Also, no vacancies and the place is looking great. I do have one tenant that may be moving out due to her father's health (long story), but she is still in the apartment. She is the only tenant out of the four that hasn't paid for June, but she usually pays by the 3rd or 4th. She is wonderful and has never been a problem.

What did NOT work this month:
1. Saving money. We just had alot of things to buy this month, with baby #2 coming in two weeks, etc. Actually, it's last month's purchases that are showing up on this month's Discover bill ($1,500). Usually my last paycheck of the month can be almost fully saved and invested, but not this month. Last night I was only able to use $300 of my paycheck to pay down our Home Equity Line of Credit (which effectively increases the equity we have in the lakehouse).


Note: My $212,700 net worth does not include the equity we have in our primary residence, nor our cars, jewelry, or personal belongings. If included, these additional items would bring our total net worth to $364,400. I pay much more attention to the $212,700 number, so that's the one I'll usually refer to.

Save money for retirement - avoid these pitfalls! Part III

As previously stated, due to an uncertain future of tax rates, health insurance costs, college costs for kids, changing government regulations, and increased life expectancies, I believe it is near impossible to predict how much we'll actually need to save for retirement. Therefore, the amount you need is A WHOLE LOT! That's all you need to know - you need A LOT. And if you need a large pile of money for retirement, you need to start saving now. The sooner you make the pile of money "sorta big," the bigger it will be upon retirement.

Here is the third pitfall that I believe you need to avoid on your road to retirement:

3. Counting on an inheritance

There is a danger in changing your current saving and investing behaviors because you think you may inherit some money. This is terribly dangerous - there are so many things that can happen that could reduce your prospective inheritance to zero. Your parents could get sick and be racked with medical bills, or even long-term care bills. (My grandpa paid $5,000/month to be in a nice long-term care facility. Ouch!). They could live to age 100 - I'd be 75 by that point! I'd better have my retirement secured all by myself by then! They may end up deciding, through dementia or not, that it's their money and they're going to spend it how they see fit. They could get scammed out of the money. They might decide to give some or all of their money to charity. And due to any of these above reasons, they could end up running out of money, which could potentially have you supporting them during their final years.

Wow, lots of ways to have that inheritance slip through your fingers, huh?

Here's my situation. My parents are in their early 60's. My dad is retired, while my mom works 4 days a week. They have about $1.5 million. My wife's dad died penniless (very long story, he had millions, bad things happened). Her mom has a few hundred thousand maybe, maybe half a million, and owns two houses outright. Beyond that, it's hard to pinpoint how much she has. My wife's aunt and uncle, neither of which had children, own two farms totalling 200 acres, and also own 5-10 rental properties, some outright and some with mortgages. They live very frugally and have done very well for themselves. Their money, along with my mother-in-law's money, would be passed down to my wife and her two brothers. My mother-in-law has a will, while I don't think the aunt and uncle do. The ownership structure of these farms and rental properties is unclear to me - they do not keep airtight books (nothing illegal, they just sort of fly by the seat of their pants).

We're talking about a few million bucks in play here. I hope I never inherit it, which means that everyone lives to a very ripe old age. But if some of them should die before me, I cannot tell a lie - it would be nice to inherit some of that money. My $210,000 net worth could use a shot in the arm, right? I have to admit that I think about it sometimes.

But it is nothing I can count on, and I know with my current plan, I can get to retirement without inheriting any money. Put together a plan that can do the same thing for you.

Save money for retirement - avoid these pitfalls! Part II

As previously stated, due to an uncertain future of tax rates, health insurance costs, college costs for kids, changing government regulations, and increased life expectancies, I believe it is near impossible to predict how much we'll actually need to save for retirement. Therefore, the amount you need is A WHOLE LOT! That's all you need to know - you need A LOT. And if you need a large pile of money for retirement, you need to start saving now. The sooner you make the pile of money "sorta big," the bigger it will be upon retirement.

Here is the second pitfall that I believe you need to avoid on your road to retirement:

2. Believing it's OK to start investing later in life - waiting to begin saving.

You've heard it said a million times - the magic of compound interest is the key to amassing the money you need for retirement. Still, many people, for many reasons, delay saving until some time later in life. One reason might be that they have material things they'd rather spend the money on now. Another related reason might be a general lack of discipline with regards to money. Still another related reason might be a lack of a vision for the future, a lack of a plan for retirement.

My favorite reason for delaying retirement saving is psychological - "I'm young, I can only save $200/month, and that's nothing! I'm not going to get anywhere saving $200/month - why even bother????? I save $200/month, and I end up with a measly $2,500 or so after a year? Big whoop."

As I am a CPA, I turn to my trusty spreadsheet - run one using the scenario of your choice and amaze yourself with the results.

Here's mine: imagine you're 25 and you begin investing $200 a month, assuming an 8% return per annum. With annual compounding (not monthly), you end up with $728,000 by the time you're 65. $200 a month, a conservative 8% return, and you have over $700,000. Keep in mind that the average return of the stock market is over 10%, and you're very likely to be able to save more than $200/month as you age and advance in your career.

Now, assume that you wait until age 30. You wait just 5 years. That's a cumulative $12,000 over 5 years that you did not invest. Instead of $728,000, you end up with $485,000 at age 65, or $243,000 less than if you had started at 25! Holy crap, what happened? Simple - thru this so called magic of compounding, it is beneficial to have your money grow for 40 years instead of 35 years.

What if you wait until 35? At 65, you end up with $320,000, or $408,000 less. Wait until 40, you end up with $207,000.

These results are OK if you want to work well into your 80's! But if you're like me and want to retire in your 50's or 60's, you simply should not wait until your 30's or 40's to begin investing.

What if you do wait? Let's say you wait until you're 40, and you want to get to that $728,000 nest egg that you would have had if you had started saving at 25. You would need to sock away $700/month instead of $200. For many working professionals, this is entirely possible. But why bother waiting? If you're able to start saving earlier, no matter how much it is that you can save, it only makes that retirement pile of money bigger.

Here's my favorite scenario that I use to encourage young people to invest - start at 25, invest $300/month in the stock market. You cross the million dollar mark at age 64. It can happen, if you start early and prove yourself a consistent saver.

Save money for retirement - avoid these pitfalls! Part 1

As previously stated, due to an uncertain future of tax rates, health insurance costs, college costs for kids, changing government regulations, and increased life expectancies, I believe it is near impossible to predict how much we'll actually need to save for retirement. Therefore, the amount you need is A WHOLE LOT! That's all you need to know - you need A LOT. And if you need a large pile of money for retirement, you need to start saving now. The sooner you make the pile of money "sorta big," the bigger it will be upon retirement.

Here is the first pitfall that I believe you need to avoid on your road to retirement:

1. Don't prepay on your mortgage.

I expect heat for this, especially since I once was making prepayments on our mortgage. And I would actually encourage a discussion amongst my readers - if you disagree, or if I'm making any specious arguments, please let me know!

If you have excess cash each month, you have a choice. You can prepay on your mortgage, you can invest the money for retirement, or you can do a mixture of the two (or you can spend it willy nilly, not a choice for Q!). Here is what you need to know: investing for retirement should be the winning choice if you can invest the cash for a rate of return greater than what you would save by paying off the mortgage early.

For example, I have a 5.5% 30-year mortgage. We currently itemize on our taxes due to the large amounts of interest we're paying on two mortgages (principal residence and lakehouse). Because we itemize, we get a tax break on this interest. I believe we're in the 28% tax bracket, so the net damage to our finances due to paying interest on our mortgage is actually about 4%. So I am in effect earning 4% on any money I place towards prepayments on our mortgage. As we lose the ability to itemize (not sure when this will happen, but it will happen), my return would them shoot up to 5.5%.

Can you beat 5.5% by investing your excess cash instead? Currently, it couldn't be any easier! An FNBO Direct Savings Account will do the trick. If you decide to lift a finger and put even a little effort in to investing the money, you should be able to earn 8% a year. If you get aggressive, you can probably average a 10% return a year (reduce this rate of return if in a taxable account, do not reduce the rate of return if your retirement funds are in a Roth). Heck, I don't think it's sustainable, but my basket of small cap stocks earned 32% in the last year, doubling the return of the S&P 500. (Lord, why isn't that sustainable?!?!?)

Clearly, investing your excess cash is the winner. When running the numbers on yourself, your percentages will obviously vary based on your mortgage interest rate and your tax bracket. But in most cases, you should be able to generate a higher return by investing than in owning your house more quickly. A 10% return wallops a 4% return! For example, on $50,000 invested in year 0, with no further monies invested, an annual 4% return would leave you with $162,000 after 30 years. A 10% annual return would leave you with $872,000. To quote Shaggy, "ZOINKS!" Another eye-opening example is down lower in this column.

Therefore, risk factors and all other things being equal, always choose the higher rate of return.


Why, then, do people choose to prepay on their mortgage?

1. I don't want to pay all of that interest. If you run a 30-year amortization table on your mortgage, you will see some scary dollars going to interest. I have always gone to Karl's Mortgage Calculator to run numbers on various apartment building scenarios. Plug some numbers in and look at the damage. A 30-year, $300,000 mortgage (assuming 20% down, this is a $350,000 house) will have you shelling out $347,515 in interest over 30 years - equal to the price of the damn house! But, if you prepay just $500/month, you will shave off $161,000 in interest. Sounds great, right? Instead of thinking in dollar terms, you have to think in percentage terms. $161,000 in interest savings sounds great right now because we're all dirt poor! But, if you invest that $500 a month and achieve a 10% rate of return, you'll have $996,482 in 30 years - almost $1 million! Here's the deal, plain and simple -- Don't live in a large house with massive mortgage payments unless you can afford it, get the lowest mortgage interest rate you can, and then don't pay attention to the raw dollars in interest you're paying because it will mess with your head.

2. I want to be free of my mortgage payment. It's the largest monthly expense for most people. Once your house is paid off, you're free. Waaa-hooo! I will not lie to you - it will be a grand day when my house is paid off. But I will not be free. I still need to invest my way towards retirement. Then I will have to navigate my way through an uncertain future, making sure I have health insurance, paying for college for two kids (should my wife and I wish to do that), and paying for two weddings. Ugh! Look at it that way, and realize that your house is not a vehicle to drive towards retirement. A very fat brokerage account is what you need.

3. How could it possibly be good to keep debt around? That's not what the experts say! It does seem counter intuitive to keep debt around, especially just so you can get the mortgage interest deduction. Of course, as demonstrated above, you're not keeping the debt around because you like it, and you're not keeping it around for the tax deduction. You're keeping it because you wish to continue to live in your house, and there is a demonstrably superior place to apply your excess cash.

Part deux to come. Continue saving!

Investing success (or not) for 5/22/07

Today the markets were basically flat, and my TDAmeritrade accounts were up a combined $75. My accounts there are now above $95,000 in total, which is easily a new record for me. I have pumped some cash into them in the last few months, but the prospects for being able to do so in the next few months are looking pretty grim. Baby-related expenses, along with preschool for my almost 3-year-old daughter, are going to eat into the budget. My wife and I will both be receiving raises (me in July, my wife in September), which will hopefully offset these expenses to a degree.

Some interesting things happened in my portfolio today.

Investing success:
Planetout Inc. (LGBT) -- up 13.3%. This after being down throughout the day. This stock sucks so bad, where the hell is Rupert Murdoch to snap this company up and save me?!? Tell you what, since I'm already down huge in this stock (look at this one year chart!), this will be the last time I ever mention anything about Planetout in this column. Unless it goes up or down by more than 25% in a day.

Novastar Financial (NFI) -- up 7%. Another stock I don't care about. LGBT and this one are the two biggest dogs in my portfolio, so I actually hate listing them as successes. They did well today, but are an overall cancer on my portfolio. I think I'll stop listing this one too, unless it makes a 25% move. I see alot of bloggers stating, "Invest at your own risk, this site is for entertainment purposes only, I am not making official recommendations to buy stocks, don't sue me..." I can safely advise you to avoid LGBT and NFI. Just walk the other way.

Meritage Homes (MTH) -- up 4.6%. Home builders are a beaten down bunch. But these stocks cannot remain in the dumps forever. I bought this stock at a very unpopular time for homebuilding stocks, and I'm up 6.3% in total. I have hopes this will go higher.

Sadia (SDA) -- up 3.9%, and I'm up 80% in total on this stock.

Vail Resorts (MTN) -- up 3.3%. A ski resort operator has its stock go up in May? I know it's alot more complicated than that....

I had eight other stocks that were up between 1.5% and 3%.


Investing failures:
Kongzhong (KONG) -- down 25.8%. Oh dear. Out of my six Chinese holdings, this one is seriously underperforming. But down 25% in one day? KONG, you're killing me! I'm down 32% on this one overall.

Blackboard Inc (BBBB) -- down 6.5%. The stock fell on news of a downgrade from a single analyst. One guy dropped his rating to "Hold" from "Buy." One analyst. And he basically said the stock was approaching his $43 price target. The stock is now at $40.17. Does any of this add up? I don't think so. This is a prime example of how Wall Street overreacts to news - this is where you can profit. I did not add to my position today because of limited cash, but Warren Buffett's voice is ringing in my ear again... "Profit from folly rather than participate in it."

I am also still holding two $525 checks from my troublesome tenant. He gets paid on the 26th of each month, which falls on a Saturday this month. I assume he'll be getting paid on Friday then. I plan on calling him this week just to confirm that there's going to be $1,050 in his account ready to go.

Buying stocks at the right price

If you'll have a gander at my latest net worth update, you'll see I have about $100,000 in equities. Nothing to sneeze at, but nothing to write home about. To get to $1 million, I have to multiply that pile of money by 10. I have some work to do!

One of my credos that I will repeat until I'm blue in the face is to stay diversified, and I define diversification as not having any one position in my portfolio comprise more than 5% of my holdings. My two exceptions are my real estate, and my S&P 500 index funds - two safe risks, in my opinion.

Because of my 5% rule, I own alot of stocks. And since I don't have alot of money to invest, the positions I usually take in stocks are small. I own $4,000 of some companies, $300 of other companies. If I'm not sure about a particular stock, I will open up a $300-500 position. I pay $9.99 per trade, and I'm not concerned with this. If my stock doubles, that $10 is nothing in the grand scheme of things. And I have 21 stocks that are up 25% or more in the past year. I paid $209.79 to get into those 21 stocks. That's worth it to me.

Now, because I'm buying small positions, I'm not buying alot of shares. If a stock is at $30, and I'm buying $300 worth, I'm buying a measly 10 shares. The question is: With a long term hold strategy, and with the small amount of shares I'm buying, does the price paid for the shares really matter? I mean, if I pay $32 per share instead of $30, is that a big deal?

My answer is: YES! Here's why: Buying stocks is a learning process for me. I find a company I like, and I review its 1-month, 3-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year charts. I try to determine what I'd like my entry point to be. And then I stick to it. I decide what I want to pay for the stock, and then I do not deviate from that decision. But why bother when it's only a few extra bucks here and there to buy the stocks I want?

I might only have $100,000 now, but I might (will!) be in control of $1 million, maybe $2 million some day. Instead of buying 10 shares of a stock, I'll be buying 1,000 shares. When purchasing 10 shares at $32 instead of $30, I paid an extra $20, but I really paid 6.7% more than I should have. When it comes time to buying 1,000 shares, it's the same 6.7%, but now my overpayment is $2,000! By sticking to my guns now, by keeping my emotions out of the equation (buy now before it's too late!), I am training myself to not only buy stocks at the right price, but to avoid jumping in at the wrong price.

So even a 50 cent spread is a big deal, no matter how many shares you're buying. Train yourself to act with discipline now when you're not throwing alot of money around, and you'll be well prepared to handle greater amounts in the future.

Investing success (or not) for 5/16/07

Today the Dow, Nasdaq, S&P 500, and Q were all up! No more mixed markets like the last few days - all markets were up, and so was I. Today my TDAmeritrade accounts were up $715. I got paid yesterday, but was unable to pump any money into the market - mortgages, bills, and school uniforms for my daughter sucked me dry! I get paid again on the 31st, and a great portion of that will be invested.

Today's investing success:
Guangshen Railway (GSH) - up 5.5%. Look at this 5-day chart for GSH. That's a thing of beauty!

Blackboard Inc (BBBB) - up 4.4%. My position is up 69% in total.

Sadia (SDA) - up 3.7%

Rofin-Sinar Technologies (RSTI) - up 3.5%

China Unicom (CHU) - up 3%


Today's investing failures:
Planetout (LGBT) - down 4.9%. I now own $77 worth of this stock. F you executives at Planetout, get this stock out of the dumps! Look at this crappy 1-year chart.

My apartment building - out of my 4 tenants, one is causing trouble. We bought the building back in 2004, and this guy has paid his rent late every single month since then. We usually get his check between the 12th and the 15th of the month. However, as described here, we have not rocked the boat with the guy because we just can't be bothered with it right now. Just too busy to mess with him. If I get his check consistently by the 15th, it does no harm to our finances.

But lately he has been slipping. First he bounces a check back in February. Then he asks me to hold his April check until April 26th (long story, again described here). Since he paid me cash last month, I still have his April check. I just need to know from him when I can cash it. So I call him, leave him a message telling him to call me with information. This morning there's a note in our mailbox asking if I can hold that check until the 26th AGAIN. I asked the guy to call me to talk to me about his situation - I need to know what's going on with this guy's finances. If he talks to me, perhaps I'm willing to work with him. No call, just these sneaky notes in my mailbox.

The answer is no, I cannot wait until the 26th. I wrote him a letter and dropped it in his mailbox, stating that I need my money now, and I want to know what the hell is going on with him. I said that if I don't get my money, and I don't hear from him, I'm going to have to start eviction proceedings. I guess I didn't want to rock the boat, but I'm really rocking it now!

Stay tuned.

Investing success (or not) for 5/15/07

Another mixed day in the market, but another very lousy day for Q. My 5 TDAmeritrade accounts were down $606. The portfolio is bleeding a bit ... ..... tis but a flesh wound! The small caps I'm invested in are all fantastic companies, but they have bigger mood swings than large caps. Again, it just feels odd to be setting new records for the Dow while my net worth is taking a hit.

Today's investing successes:
Guangshen Railway (GSH) - up 4.3%. A nice three day run here.

Sadia (SDA) - up 3.8%. My position is up 76% here

Nuance Communications (NUAN) - up 3%. I am up 103% overall here.


Today's failures:
Peerless Systems (PRLS) - down 6.4%. My small position is now up 1%

Vaalco Energy (EGY) - down 4.3%. Tiny position, so I'm not concerned.

PlanetOut (LGBT) - down 4.1%. Surprise surprise. Read my rant here.

Scottish Re Group (SCT) - down 4.1%. I'm still up 30% overall with this stock.

Same as yesterday, I had well over 10 stocks that were off 2% or more. There are days like this, even when the Dow is up. This is no time to get discouraged. In fact, I am scouring my holdings looking for chances to add to my positions. I believe I'll find some buying opportunities, and I'll share what I've done once I've done it!

Investing success (or not) for 5/14/07

The market was mixed today, with the DOW slightly up and the S&P slightly down.

My portfolio was decidedly down - my 5 TDAmeritrade accounts were collectively down $717. Nothing took a massive nosedive for me, but several larger holdings declined, while the ones that were up today happened to be much smaller holdings. Just a weird day for me, with the market being basically flat, to have the portfolio drop that much.

Today's investing successes:
Guangshen Railway (GSH) - up 3%. I have alot of faith in my Chinese holdings, and each of them has performed well, except.....

KongZhong Corp (KONG) - up 2.7%. I opened up a position in KONG, and it dropped 17%. I opened a second position, and it kept dropping. With today's move, my second lot is back to breakeven.


Today's failures:
OYO Geospace (OYOG) - down 5%

Novastar Financial (NFI) - down 4.6%. I don't even care anymore.

Buffalo Wild Wings (BWLD) - down 4.25%. This stock seems to be prone to wild price swings, but definitely with a propensity towards UP. This has been wonderful to me, so I don't complain about days like today.

Whole Foods (WFMI) - down almost 4%. I am really starting to regret purchasing this stock. I really like going to Whole Foods, high prices and all. Their steaks are kickass - awesome meat department. I really thought they had a niche with high barriers to entry. Who knew Wal-Mart would start offering tons of organic food? Who knew hundreds of other local grocers across the country would (and could) do the same thing? The stock price got juiced a bit by the Wild Oats merger announcement back in February. But the stock has fallen again, and my lot is down 18%. Ugggh.

I had ten other stocks that were down 2% or more. Rough day in Q's portfolio.